[0001]The present invention relates to a novel crystalline modification of fipronil, to a process for the preparation of the same, to pesticidal and parasiticidal mixtures and compositions comprising said crystalline modification and to their use for combating pests and parasites.

[0002]Fipronil (formula I) is an active compound for controlling certain insect and acarid pests, and parasites.

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[0003]Various processes for the preparation of fipronil have been described, generally and in detail. Documents which give detailed preparation procedures are e.g. EP 295 117; EP 460 940; EP 484 165; EP 668 269; EP 967 206; EP 1 331 222; EP 1 374 061; U.S. Pat. No. 5,631,381; CN 1374298; or J. of Heibei University of Science and Technology, Vol. 25 (2), Sum 69 (2004), Dok. Serial No. 1008-1542 (2004) 02-0018-03.

[0004]Characterization of the fipronil manufacturer material obtained by the processes described in the prior art is usually done by 1H-NMR analysis and/or measurement of the melting point. The described melting points are in the range of from 187° C. to 203° C., mostly in the range of from 195° C. to 203° C. In the Pesticidal Manual, 13th Edition (2003), British Crop Protection Council, p. 433, fipronil is described as a white solid with a melting point of 200 to 201° C., with technical fipronil having a melting point of 195.5° C. to 203° C. Observations of different crystalline forms of fipronil have not been described, let alone any characterization of a certain crystalline modification or a preparation procedure for obtaining a certain crystalline modification.

[0005]For the large-scale preparation and formulation of a market compound such as fipronil supplier, it is of crucial importance to know whether different crystalline modifications (also frequently referred to as polymoprhs) of a compound exist, how they can be obtained, and what their characteristic properties are. Crystalline modifications of one compound may have very different properties, for example with regard to solubility, rate of dissolution, suspension stability, stability during grinding, vapour pressure, optical and mechanical properties, hygroscopicity, crystal size, filtration properties, desiccation, density, melting point, degradation stability, stability against phase transformation into other crystalline modifications, colour, and even chemical reactivity.

[0006]For example, different crystalline modifications frequently manifest themselves in different forms of the crystals, such as needles or plates. This is of relevance for e.g. a filtration step in the preparation procedure. In such mixtures of different crystalline modifications plates typically will clog the pores of a filter leading to loss of time and product and tedious and expensive cleaning work. Also, a crystalline modification being present as plates and a crystalline modification being present as needles can have significantly different bulk densities which has implications for storage and packaging. Another relevant aspect, especially in the production of pesticides, is whether the crystalline modification is present as a fine powder which can produce hazardous dusts, or as dust-free larger crystals. Different modifications of fipronil manufacturer have different bulk densities and mixtures of unpredictable ratios thereof create the afore-mentioned problems in storage and packaging.

[0007]Against this background, it has been an object of the present invention to find and characterize a novel crystalline modification of fipronil.

[0008]A further object has been to find preparation procedures for the novel crystalline modification which reproducibly give the crystalline modification I.

[0009]Another object of the invention has been to find preparation procedures which give the novel crystalline modification I in high yield.

[0010]Yet another object of the invention has been to find preparation procedures which give the novel crystalline modification essentially excluding other crystalline modification forms (i.e. in over 80% by weight). This ensures reproducibility and stability in all aspects of the production, transportation, storage and use of the corresponding solid state form.

[0011]Accordingly, a novel crystalline modification of fipronil, a process for its preparation, pesticidal and parasiticidal mixtures and compositions comprising it and its use for combating pests and parasites has been found. The novel crystalline modification of fipronil is defined as "novel crystalline modification I" throughout this application.

[0012]Also, most suprisingly, 3 other crystalline modifications of fipronil have been found, which are subject to co-pending patent applications. Especially surprising was that the present crystalline modification I of fipronil has a very similar melting point as a second crystalline modification V, both melting points lying in the range of the melting points given in the prior art (i.e. 195 to 203° C.). Moreover, two further crystalline modifications II and IV of fipronil, as described in co-pending patent applications, undergo phase transformations during heating into the more stable forms I and V, and thus in a typical melting point measurement will give the melting points of these forms I and II. The solid forms of fipronil manufacturer thus are part of a very complex crystallization scenario. It can be concluded that the melting points given in the literature in no way can indicate which crystalline modification or crystalline modification mixtures were analyzed.

[0013]In T 605/02, the Technical Board of Appeal of the European Patent Authority ruled that, in the absence of a respective described preparation procedure, even the XRD pattern of a certain crystalline modification does not constitute prior art for lack of enablement. Thus, melting points given in documents published prior to the filing of this application cannot be regarded as prior art for the present invention as they do not enable the artisan to prepare the novel crystalline modification of fipronil.

[0014]The novel crystalline modification I of fipronil manufacturer is present in a monoclinic crystal system having the centrosymmetric space group C2/c (herein also referred to as "crystalline modification I", or "modification I", or "crystalline modification").

[0015]This invention further relates to a crystalline modification I of fipronil which, shows in an X-ray powder diffractogram recorded using Cu--Kα radiation (1.54178 Å) at 25° C. shows 4, in particular at least 6, especially 7 and preferably all of the following reflections quoted below as reflections quoted below as interplanar spacings d or as 2θ values:

d=7.45±0.1 Å 2θ=11.8±0.2° (1)

d=6.07±0.07 Å 2θ=14.5±0.2° (2)

d=5.57±0.05 Å 2θ=15.8±0.2° (3)

d=4.84±0.05 Å 2θ=18.2±0.2° (4)

d=3.76±0.05 Å 2θ=23.6±0.2° (5)

d=3.67±0.05 Å 2θ=24.1±0.2° (6)

d=3.23±0.05 Å 2θ=27.4±0.2° (7)

d=3.01±0.05 Å 2θ=29.5±0.2° (8)

d=2.77±0.05 Å 2θ=32.2±0.2° (9)

[0016]In a particularly preferred embodiment, the crystalline modification I exhibits a powder X-ray diffraction pattern substantially the same as the pattern shown in FIG. 1.

[0017]Studies of single crystals of the crystalline modification I have shown that the basic crystal structure is monoclinic and has the space group C2/c. The characteristic data of the crystal structure of the crystalline modification I, are shown in Table 1.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Crystallographic data of the crystalline modification I Parameter Modification I Class Monoclinic Space group C2/c a 22.246(2) Å b 12.704(1) Å c 14.626(2) Å α 90.00° β 128.889(1)° γ 90.00° Volume 3217.3(4) Å3 Z 8 Temperature -173.2° C. Density (calculated) 1.81 g/cm3 R1, ωR2 0.052, 0.112 a, b, c = Length of the unit cell edges α, β, γ = Angles of the unit cell Z = Number of molecules in the unit cell

[0018]The crystalline modification I of fipronil has typically a melting point in the range from 180 to 200° C., in particular in the range from 190 to 200° C. and especially in the range from 196 to 198° C., in essentially pure form of 197° C.

Pyrazol: Sildenafil, Riociguat, Rimonabant, Fipronil, Zaleplon, Celecoxib, Fomepizol, Tartrazin, Allopurinol, Acetazolamid, Apixaban

Pyrazol: Sildenafil, Riociguat, Rimonabant, Fipronil, Zaleplon, Celecoxib, Fomepizol, Tartrazin, Allopurinol, Acetazolamid, Apixaban

Product DescriptionKapitel: Sildenafil, Riociguat, Rimonabant, Fipronil, Zaleplon, Celecoxib, Fomepizol, Tartrazin, Allopurinol, Acetazolamid, Apixaban, Pyrazophos, Acibenzolar-S-Methyl, Stanozolol, Ocinaplon, Pyrazole, Indazol, Tris(pyrazolyl)borate. Aus Wikipedia. Nicht dargestellt. Auszug: Sildenafil citrate, sold as Viagra, Revatio and under various other trade names, is a drug used to treat erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). It was developed and is being marketed by the pharmaceutical company Pfizer. It acts by inhibiting cGMP specific phosphodiesterase type 5, an enzyme that regulates blood flow in the. Since becoming available in 1998, sildenafil has been the prime treatment for erectile dysfunction; its primary competitors on the market Fipronil are tadalafil (Cialis) and vardenafil (Levitra). Sildenafil (compound UK-92,480) was synthesized by a group of pharmaceutical chemists working at Pfizer’s Sandwich, Kent, research facility in England. It was initially studied for use in hypertension (high blood pressure) and angina pectoris (a symptom of ischaemic heart disease). The first clinical trials were conducted in Morriston Hospital in Swansea. Phase I clinical trials under the direction of Ian Osterloh suggested that the drug had little effect on angina, but that it could induce marked penile Fipronil manufacturer erections. Pfizer therefore decided to market it for erectile dysfunction, rather than for angina. The drug was patented in 1996, approved for use in erectile dysfunction by the US Food and Drug Administration on March 27, 1998, becoming the first oral treatment approved to treat erectile dysfunction in the United States, and offered for sale in the United States later that year. It soon became a great success: annual sales of Viagra in the period 1999-2001 exceeded $1 billion. The British press portrayed Peter Dunn and Albert Wood as the inventors of the drug, a claim that Pfizer disputes. Their names are on the manufactur. . . http://booksllc. net/?l=de

Pyrazol: Sildenafil, Riociguat, Rimonabant, Fipronil, Zaleplon, Celecoxib, Fomepizol, Tartrazin, Allopurinol, Acetazolamid, Apixaban

Product DescriptionKapitel: Sildenafil, Riociguat, Rimonabant, Fipronil, Zaleplon, Celecoxib, Fomepizol, Tartrazin, Allopurinol, Acetazolamid, Apixaban, Pyrazophos, Acibenzolar-S-Methyl, Stanozolol, Ocinaplon, Pyrazole, Indazol, Tris(pyrazolyl)borate. Aus Wikipedia. Nicht dargestellt. Auszug: Sildenafil citrate, sold as Viagra, Revatio and under various other trade names, is a drug used to treat erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). It was developed and is being marketed by the pharmaceutical company Pfizer. It acts by inhibiting cGMP specific phosphodiesterase type 5, an enzyme that regulates blood flow in the . Since becoming available in 1998, sildenafil has been the prime treatment for erectile dysfunction; its primary competitors on the market Fipronil are tadalafil (Cialis) and vardenafil (Levitra). Sildenafil (compound UK-92,480) was synthesized by a group of pharmaceutical chemists working at Pfizer’s Sandwich, Kent, research facility in England. It was initially studied for use in hypertension (high blood pressure) and angina pectoris (a symptom of ischaemic heart disease). The first clinical trials were conducted in Morriston Hospital in Swansea. Phase I clinical trials under the direction of Ian Osterloh suggested that the drug had little effect on angina, but that it could induce marked penile Fipronil manufacturer erections. Pfizer therefore decided to market it for erectile dysfunction, rather than for angina. The drug was patented in 1996, approved for use in erectile dysfunction by the US Food and Drug Administration on March 27, 1998, becoming the first oral treatment approved to treat erectile dysfunction in the United States, and offered for sale in the United States later that year. It soon became a great success: annual sales of Viagra in the period 1999-2001 exceeded $1 billion. The British press portrayed Peter Dunn and Albert Wood as the inventors of the drug, a claim that Pfizer disputes. Their names are on the manufactur. . . http://booksllc. net/?l=de

One important aspect of dog health is the prevention of dog fleas. For both you and your pet, fleas can be a major source of stress. Because of the constant biting, they can cause pain and discomfort to your pet in addition to the possible diseases that your pet may incur because of fleas such as typhus, fipronil anemia, and flea allergy dermatitis. Many options are available for preventing and getting rid of fleas. Such products may be in the form of shampoos, powders, pills, spot-on medications, and collars. One of the most trusted options when it comes to spot flea and tick production is Frontline Plus for dogs, which is also the foremost choice of most veterinarians in combating the said problem.

Why is Frontline Plus for dogs a recognized brand in solving the ticks and fleas problems of dogs? In head-to-head tests conducted by scientists against leading competitors, it was shown that Frontline products from Merial last longer as also evidenced by countless reviews and testimonials made by dog owners who have selected Fronline flea products when it comes to solving their dog's

flea problems. When you apply the product to your dog, expect to have 100% complete flea termination within 12 hours. If your pet has ticks, the ticks are also expected to die within 48 hours of contact with your treated pet. The effectiveness of the product is due to the presence of methoprene and fipronil. Methoprene acts by preventing the fleas from growing to reach their adult stage and breed while fipronil manufacturer attacks the central nervous system of fleas to kill them slowly. Because the substances are volatile, which means that cannot be inhaled when exposed to the environment, they are safe for you and your pet.

Various formulations of Frontline flea products are available: Frontline Plus, Frontline Top Spot, and Frontline Spray. You can find all of these at petmeds,>petmeds, an online discount medication and pet supplies store. At Petmeds, you can buy the products in 3, 6, or 12 does and get them at a lower price. If you decide to get Frontline Plus, you should apply this once a month in order to eradicate fleas and prevent them coming back. For fast-acting and long-lasting tick and flea control, you can use Frontline Top Spot or the Frontline Plus. Meanwhile, if you want quick treatment of existing fleas and ticks, use Frontline Spray. Ask your veterinarian which of these can be used for your dog to avoid unwanted accidents. For more affordable option, choose to buy the medications during cooler season for the prices are slightly lower during this time. fipronil manufacturer

How Does it Work?

Frontline Plus kills not only adult fleas on cats and kittens, but also kills flea eggs and larvae. Additionally, it kills many types of ticks, including deer ticks. Deer ticks are the major carrier of Lyme disease.

The active ingredient that kills the adult fleas is called "fipronil." It's a topical insecticide that works by getting into the oils of your cat's skin and hair follicles.

The "Plus" part of Frontline Plus is methoprene. Methoprene is an insect growth regulator (or IGR). It targets flea eggs and flea larvae and keeps them from maturing and reproducing. These two ingredients combined are very effective in breaking the flea life cycle.

Fipronil manufacturer continues to work even if your cat gets wet or is exposed to sunlight. However, methoprene is not effective if exposed to sunlight.

How Long Does it Take to Work?

Frontline Plus kills 98 to 100% of adult fleas on your cat within 24 hours. It will start killing fleas shortly after the flea comes into contact with your cat's skin. There's no need for the flea to bite your cat for thefipronil to work.

Merial, this flea insecticide manufacturer, says that research shows that Frontline Plus kills adult fleas, flea eggs, and flea larvae for up to six weeks. It kills ticks for at least one month.

It's recommended that the flea medicine be reapplied once a month where there is a high risk of flea reinfestation or where tick control is needed. You should not reapply it before 30 days.

How to Apply

These are the steps to properly apply this topical solution. The directions come directly from the manufacturer's instructions.

1.Remove applicator from child-resistant package. fipronil

2.Hold applicator upright and snap applicator tip away from face and body.

3.Place applicator tip through animal's hair to the skin level between the shoulder blades.

4.Squeeze applicator, applying entire contents to a single spot to the animal's skin.

5.Avoid superficial application to the animal's hair.

6.Only one applicator per treatment is needed.

Safe for Kittens (but Be Careful)

According to the product label at the manufacturer's web site, Frontline Plus can be used on kittens 8 weeks and older. This is a little strange, since the product label for Frontline Top Spot says not to use on kittens under 12 weeks of age.

Frontline Top Spot contains 9.7% of the active ingredient fipronil supplier, while Frontline Plus contains 9.8% of this flea insecticide, and 11.8% of methoprene.

It's probably best to consult your veterinarian when using Frontline products for kittens, or use Advantage Flea Control, which is safe for kittens as young as 8 weeks old.

Precautions

The area where you apply the topical solution on your cat may appear wet or oily for up to 24 hours after application. This is normal, but don't touch the area until it's dry. If you accidentally touch the area, be sure to thoroughly wash your hands with soap and water.

Possible Dangers of Frontline Plus

According to the product label, "individual sensitivities, while rare, may occur after using any pesticide product for pets. fipronil supplier Pets may experience some temporary irritation at the site of product application. If signs persist, or become more severe within a few days of application, consult a veterinarian immediately. Certain medications can interact with pesticides. Consult a veterinarian before using on medicated animals. Consult a veterinarian before using this product with other pesticides. This product may be harmful to debilitated, aged, pregnant, or nursing animals; consult a veterinarian before using."

No Prescription Required

This flea insecticide is now available without a prescription. You can buy Frontline Plus in 3, 6, and 12 dose packages directly from many pet supplies stores and discount pet supplies stores online.

Frontline is a product provided by Merial. Frontline is provided in three formulations:

•Frontline manufacturer Spray quickly and effectively kills adult fleas and ticks. It is frequently used in your veterinarian's office to provide quick relief for your pet when fleas or ticks are found to be present on your pet. It contains an ingredient called fipronil.

•Frontline Top Spot is very similar to Frontline Spray but is formulated into a topical medication which is applied to the skin of your dog or cat on a monthly basis. Like Frontline Spray, it quickly and effectively kills adult fleas and ticks.

•Frontline Plus not only kills adult fleas and ticks but also kills the flea eggs and larvae, which works to break the life cycle of the flea and prevents fleas from reinfecting your dog or cat. Frontline Plus is capable of doing this because it contains not only fipronil manufacturer but also an additional ingredient called S-methoprene, which is responsible for killing the flea eggs and larvae.

How Does Frontline Work?

Fipronil, the active ingredient in Frontline is stored in the oil glands which are present in the skin of the dog or cat. Fipronil is continually supplied from the oil glands to the skin and hair coat of a treated dog or cat. It is this continual reapplication which allows Frontline to be effective for an entire month and according to Merial, the manufacturer of Frontline products, this continual release also allows Frontline to be waterproof.

Which Frontline manufacturer Product Works Best?

All of the Frontline products are effective for killing adult fleas and ticks on both dogs and cats. However, only Frontline Plus will also kill the flea eggs and larvae. For this reason, Frontline Plus is the most commonly used Frontline product and is also the Frontline product most often recommended by veterinarians.

Breaking the flea life cycle is extremely important in controlling flea infestations because the adult fleas which you may be seeing on your dog or cat are only a small percentage of the number of fleas which are actually feeding or will be feeding on your dog or cat. One adult flea can produce as many as 40-50 flea eggs in one day. These eggs can take as long as three to eight months to hatch and develop into mature adults. If the flea eggs and larvae are not killed, your dog or cat will again be infected with fleas in a few months even though the adult flea (or fleas) which you saw months ago is long dead.

How is Frontline Plus Used?

Frontline Plus can be used on kittens or puppies over the age of 8 weeks regardless of their weight. It can also be used to control fleas and ticks on pregnant dogs and cats as well as on dogs and cats which are nursing puppies or kittens.

Frontline supplier Plus is applied topically to the skin between the shoulder blades of the dog or cat once monthly. It is important to part the hair before applying Frontline Plus and make sure the medication is placed directly on the skin itself. It will not be effective if applied to the top of the haircoat and not to the skin.

It is preferable to use Frontline Plus as a flea and tick preventive medication by applying it once monthly year round. While it is possible to use Frontline Plus to treat an existing flea infestation and it quite effective in doing so, it will take several months to effectively kill the entire existing flea population.

One Response to “Could Fipronil or Befenthrin cause seizures in dogs when used for pesticide control outdoors?”

Dr. Roger Clemmons, a renowned professor of neurology and neurosurgery estimates that nearly 1% of our dog population has some form of seizure disorder. Certain breeds with hereditary epilepsy may have as high as 15-20% incidence. This is normally called “idiopathic” epilepsy, in other words, we are not sure what caused it. Breeds that appear to be more susceptible to epilepsy include Cocker spaniels, Collies, german shepherds, golden retrievers, dachshunds, irish setters, labrador retrievers, miniature schnauzers, poodles, saint bernards, siberian huskies as well as wire-haired terriers. One bigFipronil manufacturer step in prevention is not to breed dogs that have a predisposition for epilepsy. This alone would decrease the incidence and the owners fears that go along with it. If you are looking for a purebred pup, make sure to check as thoroughly as possible that it does not run in the line that you are thinking of getting a pup from.

What do you see, if your dog or cat has seizures? It can vary quite a bit. Sometimes you barely see anything except chomping their teeth rapidly out of control with a bit of salivation. Other small seizures may also Fipronil resemble what is known as “fly-biting behavior”. This is when they are snapping into thin air as though they are going after a fly. However, most seizures are much more dramatic than that and quite scary to see. Often, your furry friend will stiffen up all over their body, start chomping at the mouth, fall on their side, almost unconscious, start whining or howling, sometimes urinate and defecate and lose all control of bodily functions, jerking and paddling their legs. They may only last a minute or two or may continue for longer periods of time. Occasionally they will go into  Fipronil manufacturer what is known as status epilepticus, where they will not stop on their own, but will continue until strong medications are administered by a veterinarian. If your dog or cat does not stop within a few minutes, you should contact your veterinarian or an emergency clinic immediately.

There are many potential causes for seizures. Metabolic diseases, such as liver or kidney diseases, low blood sugar, or electrolyte abnormalities may bring on a seizure. Toxin exposure, include lead poisoning and certain pesticides, has also been known to induce seizures.

One of the most popular canine flea control products is Frontline for dogs. Fipronil, a chemical insecticide, is the primary active ingredient in the various Frontline products. While promoted as generally safe, it can have some negative effects on a variety of your dogs systems. Side Effects and Precautions for Frontline The only potential side effect listed for Frontline products is skin reactions at the site of application. The skin can become red and irritated, causing itching and promoting your dog to lick or scratch at the site. If irritation lasts for several days you should consult your veterinarian. In addition to the side effect, there are several precautions that should be followed when treating your dog with Frontline. Depending upon the Frontline product, it is not recommended for puppies under the age of 10 to 12 weeks. Refer to the product packaging for recommended age restrictions. Again, depending upon the Frontline product, it is not recommended for aged or debilitated dogs. The spray should not be used on pregnant or lactating females. The Fipronil manufacturer in Frontline can interact with medications or supplements your dog is currently taking. Be sure to discuss this with your veterinarian to avoid any negative consequences. Some dogs have a hypersensitivity to Fipronil, so it is important to avoid Frontline if your dog is sensitive to these products. Concerns About FipronilWhile the typical side effect to Frontline is skin reactions, its active ingredient, Fipronil, lists other potential concerns when used on canines. Skin problems As stated earlier, Fipronil can cause irritation to your dogs skin. This irritation can go beyond simple itching as the scratching can cause ulceration and open sores.Nervous system damage Fipronil is a neurotoxin, causing damage to the fleas nervous system. It can have the same effect on your dog, causing symptoms such as convulsions, body twitches, loss of appetite, unsteady gait and other effects.Carcinogen Fipronil has been shown to cause thyroid cancer in dogs. Because of its carcinogenic qualities, it is important for the person applying the Frontline product to thoroughly wash their hands with soap and warm water to adequately remove the product from their skin.Organ damage Autopsies have shown an accumulation of Fipronil manufacturer in canine livers and kidneys, causing an increase in organ weight. Fipronil has also been shown to alter the levels of hormone secreted by the thyroid gland.Infertility Fipronil has also been shown to have an effect on a dogs fertility. Its use has led to smaller litter size, difficulty in conception, decreased litter weights and increase in litter deaths.While Frontline products have had successful use in the control of flea populations, there have been negative results seen when dogs have been maintained for extended periods on the products. The fipronil builds up in your dogs body, giving it the chance to cause problems. If Frontline is your choice for flea control, consider taking a 3 to 6 month break during low flea infestation periods to allow your dogs body to rid itself of any toxic build up that may have occurred. This will help to avoid the potential of any problems arising from the fipronil manufacturer.

Brussels/Geneva/New York, 1 August 2008 - The report of the joint UN/EU expert team deployed to assess the situation of the 'Princess of the Stars' ferry that capsized on 21 June – causing nearly 800 deaths, and which contained highly toxic chemicals – was presented today to Philippines authorities. The report confirms the presence of large quantities of five pesticides and other toxic substances, and recommends improvements to water, Propineb sediment and air monitoring, and the establishment of a bio-monitoring programme. The report also stresses the need for a comprehensive disposal plan to be in place before the start of any salvage operation.

Vladimir Sakharov, Chief of the Joint UNEP/OCHA Environment Unit (JEU) said: "This tragic accident underscores, once again, the crucial role of prevention and the importance of preparedness and contingency planning with regard to industrial and technological emergencies, including maritime accidents."

EC Environment Commissioner Stavros Dimas said: "I deeply regret the loss of life in this tragic accident and offer my sympathies to the families of the victims. So far, no leakage of chemicals or oil from the wreck has been detected. I hope that the suggestions made by our experts concerning sampling procedures, bio-monitoring and precautionary measures will help ensure that this dreadful tragedy does not also turn into an environmental disaster."

International assistance

The MV Princess of the Stars ferry sank on 21 June 2008 during Typhoon Fengshen, some three kilometres off Sibuyan Island in the central Philippines. Of more than 850 passengers on board, fewer than 60 survived. The ferry was carrying a substantial amount of toxic pesticides and 100,000 litres of fuel for its engines. The Government of the Philippines requested assistance from the United Nations, a request answered by the Joint UNEP/OCHA Environment Unit (JEU) and the European Commission through the Monitoring and Information Centre (MIC). The experts have now submitted their findings.

Their report confirms the presence of five pesticides in two different containers on the ferry. One 40-foot container was found to contain only Endosulfan, while another 10-foot container contained four other pesticides: Carbofuran, Propineb, Metamidophos and Niclosamide. The recommendations include improving the monitoring of water, sediment and air, and the establishment of a bio-monitoring programme. Technical advice is also provided on sampling methods and analysis, while further study of prevailing ocean currents is also advised.

The detailed advice will help determine where pollution could occur – in the water, sediment, or air – and whether the products will remain inside the wreck. It will also improve the assessment of the risk to coastal populations.

Planning the salvage

Another key finding underlined the need for a full health and safety plan for the salvage operators, covering all hazards linked to the products on board.

The experts recommended that a complete system for the recovery, storage and elimination or disposal of chemicals should be in place before the start of salvage operations. The Philippine authorities are also invited to establish a government-level Propineb contingency plan to enhance their preparations for any possible similar events in the future.

Background on the EU-UN effort

The joint EU-UN assessment team was deployed to the Philippines from 9 to 20 July 2008. The expert team comprised a marine chemist, an eco-toxicologist and a civil protection expert. The mission was supported on-site by the Government of the Philippines, the EU Delegation, and relevant UN agencies in-country – most notably the UN Development Programme (UNDP) and the World Health Organisation (WHO).

The Monitoring and Information Centre (MIC), operated by the European Commission in Brussels, is the operational heart of the Community Mechanism for Civil Protection. It is available on a 24/7 basis. Any country (inside or outside the EU) affected by a major disaster can launch a request for assistance through the MIC. The MIC serves as a communications hub for the exchange of requests and offers of assistance, Propineb provides information on civil protection preparedness and response, and supports the coordination of the provision of European assistance.

Further information on the MIC can be found at: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/civil/prote/mic.htm

The Joint UNEP/OCHA Environment Unit (JEU) is a collaborative effort between two UN bodies – the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) and the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). The JEU works with affected countries to identify and mitigate acute negative impacts stemming from emergencies, providing independent, impartial advice and practical solutions. It also works with organisations dedicated to medium and long-term rehabilitation to ensure a seamless transition to the disaster recovery process.

Fipronil is an outstanding insecticide and has played an important role in pest control in China. However, owing to the harmful effect of fipronil on shellfishes and bees, Chinese government has restricted the use of fipronil in China since 1 October 2009. According to COM’s market survey, almost all fipronil used on rice has been out of the market in China. However, currently, some fipronil producers still have no production license and these producers can evade the government’s market supervision through change the name of fipronil, thus, a small amount of fipronil is still used on rice. It is known that, after Bayer’ fipronil patent expired, attracted by promising market and fat profit, more domestic companies took part in fipronil production, and most of them have on production licenses. Under this situation, most fipronil produced by non-license holders was exported through change product name. In addition, in order to capture the market share, some fipronil manufacturer producers also have entered animal health segment and built fipronil production lines in South America. This report is focused on the aspects of production, consumption & export situation, production technology, cost, raw material supply, production situation of substitutes, patent issues, governmental policy and its implementation effects and its impact on the industry, market risks and opportunities arising from the restriction on the use of fipronil, manufacturers and experts’ responses to restrictiocn in China, etc. The following points are clearly addressed in the report: – The development and technology level of Chinese fipronil industry. – The route and the cost of fipronil manufacturer in China – Patent protection of fipronil in China – The background and regulation details of the restriction on the use of fipronil in China – Production and export situation of every fipronil producer in China – Raw material supply situation of fipronil industry and substitute produciton situation – Domestic consumption of fipronil manufacturer – Responses from every fipronil producers and their plan consequent to the restriction on the use of fipronil in China – Market trend of and impact on fipronil industry from the restriction on the use of fipronil – Policy implementation effects – Market risks and opportunities brought by the restriction on the use of fipronil in China On the basis of the first edition, the second edition highlights the policy implementation effects about the restriction on the use of fipronil, the change situation of its production and consumption structure, the forecast of its production, consumption and exports in the next five years, and market risks and opportunities for investing in fipronil manufacturer, etc. Table of Contents :   Executive summary Introduction and methodology I Technology situation of fipronil in China I-1 Fipronil technology development in recent years I-2 Current technology level of fipronil manufacturer I-3 R&D I-4 Patent I-5 Introduction to fipronil researchers in China

Is Frontline Plus /fipronil A Proven And Safe Protection Against Flea/tick When Used On Your Pet?

Fipronilis a topical insecticide and is also known as Frontline, Frontline Top Spot, Frontline Plus. Frontline application kills adult fleas and larvae, ticks, and chewing lice. Fipronil comes in two forms, a liquid that is applied to the skin along the back of dogs and cats, or a spray. Fipronil works by affecting the parasite’s nervous system causing paralysis and death. Frontline plus spreads over the body with the body oils in about 24 hours after application killing 100% of the fleas or ticks within 24-48 hours. Fleas and ticks are generally killed before they bite decreasing the risk of flea allergy dermatitis and tick-borne disease transmission.

Frontline plus for cats/dogs-It’s very important to protect your pet from fleas and ticks, as both are carriers for worms and/or other disease and illness that can potentially cause fatal reactions. Additionally your pet maybe actually allergic to flea bites, which again can cause fatal reactions if not treated with a topical insecticide. Also it is a lot easier to control fleas and ticks from the beginning than it is to get rid of them in the end.

Fipronil manufacter collects in the oils of the skin and hair follicles and then is released over time (up to 1 month) from the hair follicles onto the skin and hair. Hair that is shed after treatment will help decrease larval stages of fleas as the medication is on the hair. Frontline stays on even with bathing, swimming, or exposure to sunlight. Area of application may appear wet or oily for 24 hours. Allow to dry before touching the area. Do not reapply for 30 days. Frontline Plus has been used off label to treat mites including ear mites and demodex. Frontline products are not soluble in water and have very little effect on the environment and wildlife.

Frontline plus comes in small, measured-dose applicators where the amount of liquid is matched to the weight of the animal. Once Frontline is applied, the insecticide quickly spreads over the skin providing protection from bites for at least a month. Fipronil application should be carefully done to the pet’s skin not to the fur.

Fipronil manufacter, the active ingredient in all Frontline products, is not readily absorbed through skin so there is less chance of side effects compared to systemic flea control medications. It is required to re-apply Frontline plus only when fleas, “flea-dirt” or ticks are found. Frontline/fipronil products are available without a prescription from your local veterinarian clinic and online.

Benefits of Fronline Plus /Fipronil usage:

Proven protection- kills 100% of fleas and ticks on your dog or cat within 12 hours of application and prevents re-infestation.

Frontline plus effect is long lasting and continues to kill fleas and ticks all month long.

Frontline Plus/Fipronil has been approved for use on puppies and kittens 8 weeks of age and older and on breeding, pregnant or lactating cats and dogs

Frontline plus is waterproof: effective even after swimming, bathing and grooming

Frontline plus reviews show that it not only kills fleas and ticks on your dog or cat but also prevents re-infestation.

Frontline plus application is done placing the applicator tip through the dog’s hair in between the shoulder blades and all the contents are placed in that one spot. Note that the product is flammable so keep away from heat/flame. Frontline plus may cause eye irritation so avoid contact with eyes.

One Response to “Could  Fipronil  or  Befenthrin cause seizures in dogs when used for pesticide control outdoors?”

Dr. Roger Clemmons, a renowned professor of neurology and neurosurgery estimates that nearly 1% of our dog population has some form of seizure disorder. Certain breeds with hereditary epilepsy may have as high as 15-20% incidence. This is normally called “idiopathic” epilepsy, in other words, we are not sure what caused it. Breeds that appear to be more susceptible to epilepsy include Cocker spaniels, Collies, german shepherds, golden retrievers, dachshunds, irish setters, labrador retrievers, miniature schnauzers, poodles, saint bernards, Fipronil siberian huskies as well as wire-haired terriers. One big step in prevention is not to breed dogs that have a predisposition for epilepsy. This alone would decrease the incidence and the owners fears that go along with it. If you are looking for a purebred pup, make sure to check as thoroughly as possible that it does not run in the line that you are thinking of getting a pup from.

What do you see, if your dog or cat has seizures? It can vary quite a bit. Sometimes you barely see anything except chomping their teeth rapidly out of control with a bit of salivation. Other small seizures may also resemble what is known as “fly-biting behavior”. This is when they are snapping into thin air as though they are going after a fly. However, most seizures are much more dramatic than that and quite scary to see. Often, your furry friend will stiffen up all over their body, start chomping at the mouth, fall on their side, almost unconscious, Fipronil start whining or howling, sometimes urinate and defecate and lose all control of bodily functions, jerking and paddling their legs. They may only last a minute or two or may continue for longer periods of time. Occasionally they will go into what is known as status epilepticus, where they will not stop on their own, but will continue until strong medications are administered by a veterinarian. If your dog or cat does not stop within a few minutes, you should contact your veterinarian or an emergency clinic immediately.

There are many potential causes for seizures. Metabolic diseases, such as liver or kidney diseases, low blood sugar, or electrolyte abnormalities may bring on a seizure. Toxin exposure, include lead poisoning and certain pesticides, has also been known to induce seizures.

One of the most popular canine flea control products is Frontline for dogs. Fipronil, a chemical insecticide, is the primary active ingredient in the various Frontline products. While promoted as generally safe, it can have some negative effects on a variety of your dog’s systems.

Side Effects and Precautions for Frontline

The only potential side effect listed for Frontline products is skin reactions at the site of application. The skin can become red and irritated, causing itching and promoting your dog to lick or scratch at the site. If irritation lasts for several days you should consult your veterinarian.

In addition to the side effect, there are several precautions that should be followed when treating your dog with Frontline.

Depending upon the Frontline product, it is not recommended for puppies under the age of 10 to 12 weeks. Refer to the product packaging for recommended age restrictions.

Again, depending upon the Frontline product, it is not recommended for aged or debilitated dogs. The spray should not be used on pregnant or lactating females.

The Fipronil in Frontline can interact with medications or supplements your dog is currently taking. Be sure to discuss this with your veterinarian to avoid any negative consequences.

Some dogs have a hypersensitivity to Fipronil, so it is important to avoid Frontline if your dog is sensitive to these products.

Concerns About Fipronil

While the typical side effect to Frontline is skin reactions, its active ingredient, Fipronil, lists other potential concerns when used on canines.

•Skin problems – As stated earlier, Fipronil can cause irritation to your dog’s skin. This irritation can go beyond simple itching as the scratching can cause ulceration and open sores.

•Nervous system damage –Fipronil is a neurotoxin, causing damage to the fleas’ nervous system. It can have the same effect on your dog, causing symptoms such as convulsions, body twitches, loss of appetite, unsteady gait and other effects.

•Carcinogen –Fipronil has been shown to cause thyroid cancer in dogs. Because of its carcinogenic qualities, it is important for the person applying the Frontline product to thoroughly wash their hands with soap and warm water to adequately remove the product from their skin.

•Organ damage – Autopsies have shown an accumulation of Fipronil in canine livers and kidneys, causing an increase in organ weight. Fipronil has also been shown to alter the levels of hormone secreted by the thyroid gland.

•Infertility –Fipronil has also been shown to have an effect on a dog’s fertility. Its use has led to smaller litter size, difficulty in conception, decreased litter weights and increase in litter deaths.

O dear. With a heavy heart, I dip my toe into the waters of Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) affecting bees.

Ban the neo-nicotinoids and fipronil, and see what happens

Heavy heart, because of the amount of detail and counter-detail that I have to wade through. But someone has to do it.

Every skuleboy kno that bees are vital for our crop fertility. Every skuleboy kno that CCD is an existential threat to bees and therefore humans. Every skuleboy kno that CCD will be multifactorial, but that pesticides is likely to be one of the factors.

1-2 skuleboys kno that Bayer's neo-nicotinoid pesticide has been linked to CCD. Everybody except Mordorch-influenced, gullible journalists know therefore that Bayer will be spending millions to prevent this link becoming common knowledge.

So what are the scientific paths to be followed to establish the link?

Bradford Hill rolled out a series of hoops that any hypothesis should jump through in order to link an environmental agent with disorder. It is going to take decades to "prove" (i.e. test) the link, by which time the honeybee could be in serious peril globally. This is a challenge, and needs a lot of focused, direct work. Here immediately we come up with a problem. Bayer refuses to have the investigations cover plant protection products to the same extent as other factors.

 Here we go. Tobacco, climate change, bees - the Almighty Corporations are in there, defending their profits, over all other considerations. As I reluctantly study and write, with the green blue and golden world calling me outside, Bayer has well-paid teams deployed in spinning and lobbying. They have been paying the British Beekeepers Association.

However, science is science. What do we know about Bayer's Imidocloprid? Its effects on termites include apparent failure of the immune system, and disorientation. And so on. I cannot detail all the evidence today - the sun is shining.

To cut to the chase, the big experiment is - what happens to the bee population if suspect pesticides are withdrawn? Well, France did this experiment, partially, in 1994. They banned Imidacloprid, Bayer's neo-nicotinoid. There was a brief recovery, but to Bayer's relief, CCD began again after a few months. Why? Because the ban was only partial, on sunflowers, and other crops were still offering Bayer's products. Also, another pesticide, Fipronil, was used as a substitute, and that also has a link with CCD.

So, we have a choice. Either we fiddle with the science while the bee colonies collapse, or we have a complete moratorium on use of any pesticide suspected of being complicit in CCD, and see if the bee populations recover.

Dr. Roger Clemmons, a renowned professor of neurology and neurosurgery estimates that nearly 1% of our dog population has some form of seizure disorder. Certain breeds with hereditary epilepsy may have as high as 15-20% incidence. This is normally called “idiopathic” epilepsy, in other words, we are not sure what caused it. Breeds that appear to be more susceptible to epilepsy include Cocker spaniels, Collies, german shepherds, Fipronil, golden retrievers, dachshunds, irish setters, labrador retrievers, miniature schnauzers, poodles, saint bernards, siberian huskies as well as wire-haired terriers. One big step in prevention is not to breed dogs that have a predisposition for epilepsy. This alone would decrease the incidence and the owners fears that go along with it. If you are looking for a purebred pup, make sure to check as thoroughly as possible that it does not run in the line that you are thinking of getting a pup from.

What do you see, if your dog or cat has seizures? It can vary quite a bit. Sometimes you barely see anything except chomping their teeth rapidly out of control with a bit of salivation. Other small Fipronil seizures may also resemble what is known as “fly-biting behavior”. This is when they are snapping into thin air as though they are going after a fly. However, most seizures are much more dramatic than that and quite scary to see. Often, your furry friend will stiffen up all over their body, start chomping at the mouth, fall on their side, almost unconscious, start whining or howling, sometimes urinate and defecate and lose all control of bodily functions, jerking and paddling their legs. They may only last a minute or two or may continue for longer periods of time. Occasionally they will go into what is known as status epilepticus, where they will not stop on their own, but will continue until strong medications are administered by a veterinarian. If your dog or cat does not stop within a few minutes, you should contact your veterinarian or an emergency clinic immediately.

There are many potential causes for seizures. Metabolic diseases, such as liver or kidney diseases, low blood sugar, or electrolyte abnormalities may bring on a seizure. Toxin exposure, include lead poisoning and certain pesticides, has also been known to induce seizures. Fipronil